Nitazoxanide
Antiviral and antiparasitic agent / Nitazoxanide is a clinically relevant antiparasitic agent.1It has since been repurposed as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that is active against many RNA and DNA viruses including influenza, Hepatitis B and C, RSV, coronavirus, dengue and others.2 Its antiparasitic activity is believed to be due to inhibition of pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases.3 Antiviral activity involves activation of protein kinase activated by double-stranded RNA (PKR) leading to phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α).4 Nitazoxanide has also been found to inhibit Wnt signaling independent of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) – it targets peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) resulting in increased citrullination of β-catenin.5
Biochemicals & reagents
55981-09-4
1) White (2004) Nitazoxanide: a new broad spectrum antiparasitic agent; Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. 2 43 2) Rossignol (2014) Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent; Antiviral Res. 110 94 3) Hoffman et al. (2007) Antiparasitic Drug Nitazoxanide Inhibits the Pyruvate Oxidoreductases of Helicobacter pylori, Selected anaerobic Bacteria and Parasites, and Campylobacter jejuni; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51 868 4) Elazar et al. (2009), The anti-hepatitis C agent nitazoxanide induces phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha via protein kinase activated by double-stranded RNA activation; Gastorenterology 137 1827 5) Qu et al. (2018), Small molecule promotes β-catenin citrullination and inhibits Wnt signaling in cancer; Nat. Chem. Biol. 14 94
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TARGET: Antibiotic -- PATHWAY: Wnt -- DISEASE AREA: Infectious disease; Parasites